Steps of 2D or 3D Laser Crystal Processing
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Burning Crystal to Draw Points
The points are tiny (.1mm) fractures created by a focused laser beam from 3d laser engraving machine. The conical beam, with a focal length of about 3", shines into the crystal (glass) without damaging it except at the focal point. At that one point, concentrated energy heats the crystal (glass) to the cracking point, causing a microfracture.
To draw more points, the laser is pulsed on and off. To make the beam move between points, it's reflected from a mirror that is repositioned between pulses. The mirror is moved by computer-controlled motors, so many points can be drawn with great speed and accuracy. A typical design might use several hundred thousand points, or half a million isn't unusual in a large block, each placed with .001" accuracy.
The cheap crystals with fuzzy points, which mean that the laser is either low-frequency or not well focused, is not good quality. The high-frequency laser draws points that are barely visible to the naked eye. it's a ND:YAG laser, after its active medium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet crystal doped with neodymium.
The crystal (glass) itself must be clear optical crystal, since any ripples or bubbles would block or blur the laser. It's also necessary to draw in layers, moving from rear to front of the glass, so that previous points don't block the laser from drawing new ones.
The crystal (glass) surface must be dead flat, or refraction will blur and redirect the beam; that's why it's difficult to work with spheres or other curved shapes. They can be burned by immersing the piece in a glass vat of optically matched liquid, but that's a lot of work.
Refraction is also an issue in viewing curved glass: in a 60mm sphere only about the central 20mm can be used, because optical magnification makes that area seem to fill the whole sphere. If anything is drawn closer to the surface than that, it will look very distorted, and the 3D laser crystal quality will not be good.
Point-Cloudy Image
Point-cloud image consists of abundant small points which are created by the special point-cloud converting software from a common two dimension or three dimension image. These points shall be engraved by laser machine according to the array order one by one. Each point will be burnt inside the transparent material, all the burnt points form the engraved image inside the crystal cube.
Image or Portrait Design
All designs are made entirely of points because the process offers no way to draw continuous lines or surfaces. However, with small enough points it's possible to arrange them into convincing curves, surfaces and volumes.
This isn't a trivial process, since a simple row of points doesn't look like a clean line, nor does a plane of points give a good-looking surface. Spacing is critical -- points can't be grouped too closely or the glass can crack, but if they're too far apart the structure will be grainy.
Commercial software exists to solve these problems, but it doesn't address the special requirements of scientific imaging.
Crystal rotating led base or stand, 7 color leds, rotating with AC adapter, could also lightup with battery. 110vt or 220vt all available.
Light led base is also called crystal rotary led base or stand & crystal revolving led stand or base.
Square led base, 3 color led, used with battery also is available.
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